Judaisms Modernization In America :: essays research papers

The Jewish way of life has been affected in a tremendous way by the people of the United States of America. By the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, there were only 2500 Jews in America. For forty years beginning in 1840, 250,000 Jews (primarily from Germany, Hungary, and Bohemia) entered this country. Anti-Semitism and economic woes in Eastern Europe went from bad to worse after the pogroms of 1881-1882. Almost three million Eastern European Jews left between 1881 and 1914, two million (85%) of which decided to come to America, where they thought "the streets were paved with gold." They were wrong. Because of this intercontinental migration, the social characterization of Jews in America changed drastically. Before the move, the largest group in the early eighteenth century were the Sephardic Jews. They lived in the coastal cities as merchants, artisans, and shippers. The Jews who predominately spoke German came to America over 100 years later, and quickly spread out over the land. Starting as peddlers, they moved up to business positions in the south, midwest, and on the west coast. New York City had 85,000 Jews by 1880, most of which had German roots. At this time in American history, the government accepted many people from many different backgrounds to allow for a diverse population; this act of opening our borders probably is the origin of the descriptive phrase "the melting pot of the world." These German Jews rapidly assimilated themselves and their faith. Reform Judaism arrived here after the Civil War due to the advent of European Reform rabbis. Jewish seminaries, associations, and institutions, such as Cincinnati's Hebrew Union College, New York's Jewish Theological Seminary, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC), and the Central Conference of American Rabbis, were founded in the 1880s. America was experimenting with industry on a huge scale at the time the Eastern European Jews that arrived. Their social history combined with the American Industrial Age produced an extremely diverse and distinct American Jewry by the end of the intercontinental migration, which coincided with the start of the Great World War (World War I). Almost two out of every three new immigrants called the big northeast municipalities (such as the Lower East Side of New York) their new home. They would take any job available to support the family, and they worked in many different jobs which were as physically demanding as they were diverse. The garment district in New York today was made from the meticulousness, the sweat, and the determination of the Jews.

Office Administration Essay

The Administration role, more than most others, has been profoundly affected by the information revolution, according to Canadian researcher Alice de Wolff. At a meeting of the Office Worker’s Career Assistance Group of Toronto, Ms. de Wolff noted that office professionals work constantly with new information technologies. They bring the information economy to life and experience the impact of the information revolution on a daily basis. She told her audience about a four-year study of nine Toronto companies with as many as 6,000 employees. A team of researchers, including Ms. de Wolff, interviewed approximately 650 managers and office workers to determine how the administrative profession has changed. They discovered that office work has changed in three ways. 1. Tasks that formed the core of administrative work are done in new ways, but are still required in most jobs. 2. Complex new tools that administrative professionals use to do these core tasks require office workers to develop technical knowledge and skills and to work constantly to keep their skills current. 3. Reorganization in many workplaces has added new tasks related to specific occupations or industries that require office workers to diversify. Many office professionals are being asked to do things that fall outside of their traditional support role. For example, a receptionist in a publishing house may be asked to edit manuscripts. These trends have led to changes in the jobs of

Key Elements Of Corporate Governance Accounting Essay

Caltex was incorporated in 1936 as the consequence of a amalgamation between U.S. based oil companies Socal and Texaco. Caltex is the largest seller of crude oil merchandises and top convenience retail merchant in Australia. Caltex besides have operations in different states. The chief end of the concern is safe and dependable supply for all clients. We continue to construct our place as Australia ‘s taking provider of crude oil fuels by farther investing in our supply concatenation and selling assets. Caltex is an independent company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange ( ASX ) and incorporated in Australia. Chevron Corporation holds a 50 % involvement in Caltex Australia Limited. The staying 50 % ownership of Caltex is made up of more than 27,000 stockholders. Although Chevron has a big retention, Caltex operates with an independent board and direction. ( Caltex 2011 ) Corporate administration refers to the set of rules and procedures by which a company is governed. These rules provide guidelines sing the way in which the company can be controlled so that it can carry through its ends and aims in a mode that adds to the value of the company and is besides good for all stakeholders in the long term. Stakeholders would include everyone from the board of managers, stockholders to clients, employees and society. Corporate administration is concerned carry oning the concern with all unity, being crystalline, doing all necessary determinations, following with all the Torahs of the land and committedness of transporting concern in an ethical mode. More over corporate administration is besides known to be one of the standards that foreign investors are mostly depending on when make up one's minding on which companies to put in. Additionally, the portion of monetary value of the company is besides known to be positively influenced by corporate administratio n. ( Economictimes 2009 ) Cardinal Elementss of Corporate Governance For such big houses like Caltex, there are many cardinal elements of corporate administration that are important for the company and they help in guarding against corporate failures. These elements include: Transparency Conflict of involvements Issue of Integrity To guard against corporate failures these countries should be taken attention of in order to avoid any unanticipated amendss to the company.Transparency:Stakeholders will hold more assurance in the direction if a company is crystalline plenty and studies stuff facts in existent clip. Cost of capital would travel down because stakeholders will be more willing to put in the company. Jointly, all these factors enable the house ‘s productive capacity and productiveness to better ( Economybuilding 2011 ) . For investors, transparence provides greater protection in all facet of corporate administration. An investor would cognize how the house is executing if there is transparence in the organisation. In add-on to that transparence in compensation of employees and managers, gross revenues inducements and other human resource patterns decreases the opportunity for misdirection and unethical patterns, which may harm the house. Effective corporate administration besides helps attracts and retain employees ( Webster 2013 ) . Organizations must follow with the rules of transparence to carry on concern in true, just, symmetrical and timely mode all the information reflecting the direction and activities. These regulations should non be set merely as a formal construct of being of corporate administration regulations. ( Iconsejeros 2005 )Conflict of Interest:The companies which are non focussed towards the involvement of stockholders by and large experience failure because they value their involvement at the disbursal of others. In the long tally, to be successful a house requires protecting and valuing the involvements of stockholders instead than the house ‘s involvement. ( Turner n.d. ) Ranging from local to planetary, in public and corporate domain, struggle of involvement occurs at all degrees of administration. Decision doing procedures are frequently distorted by struggles of involvement and generate unfavourable or inappropriate results for the house, thereby sabotaging the operation of public establishments and markets. However, the current tendency towards ordinance, which seeks to forestall and pull off struggles of involvement, has its monetary value. The suppression of decision-making procedures, the loss of expertness among decision-makers and a barbarous circle of misgiving are the drawbacks. ( Handschin 2012 ) Large houses should hold a process established for the control and declaration of any struggle of involvement which may originate within the organisation. Audit commission or the Remunerations commissions should reexamine if any state of affairs of struggle of involvement arises between the company and its stockholders, managers or officers. ( Iconsejeros 2005 ) Stockholders can non supervise themselves the directors that they hire, so they appoint board of managers to do certain no struggle of involvement arises which may travel against the stockholders of the house. In order to avoid any failures house should do certain that their board is independent, resourceful and have the necessary experience to judge the actions of senior direction. ( Kayanga 2008 )Issue of Integrity:Presently, the chief issue in the field of corporate administration is non whether most listed companies follow the assorted commissariats but the chief focal point is whether the top direction of large organisations is seen as possessed of unity in the eyes of public. ( Applied-Corporate-Governance 2013 ) Recent high profile concern failures raise issues which are dejecting from many positions, domestic and international. These failures raised inquiries sing the responsibilities and patterns of managers, directors, hearers, attorneies, investing bankers, analysts and evaluation bureaus. Assurance sing cheque and balances support the operation of our market has been shaken severely. These issues threaten the credibleness of corporate and fiscal leading. The most major deductions of recent events of failure relate to corporate administration and public presentation of Board of Directors. Bottom line for all big organisations is that board is responsible for the entity ‘s unity as it is the ultimate authorization for the governed entity. Individually, every manager needs to take duty for the unity of the organisation he or she serves. Directors must see the organisation ‘s unity as an extension of their ain. ( Stalwart 2002 )

Margaret Mitchell; an Inspired Writer essays

Margaret Mitchell; an Inspired Writer essays My dear I dont give a damn (Margaret (Munnerlyn) 1).When hearing this famous quote by Rhett Butler, most people think of the award winning movie Gone with The Wind. The success of the movie would not be possible with out the awarded novel Gone with the Wind, written by Margaret Mitchell. Journalist and Novelist, Margaret Mitchell was an American writer in the early 1900s. November 8, 1900, Margaret Mitchell came into the world and would later bless many with her talent of writing. Forty nine years later on August 16, the successful writer was killed by a drunk driver. In life Margaret had premonitions about her death being a tragedy and actually said that she would be killed in a car accident (Margaret (Munnerlyn) 1). Margaret was born in Atlanta Georgia and lived their all her childhood. She attended Washington Seminary and spent one year at Smith College (Margaret (Munnerlyn) 1). She later returned to Atlanta and lived there for the remainder of her life. Margaret was the daughter of Eugene and Maybelle Mitchell (Margaret (Munnerlyn) 1). Her mother had great influence on her being a supporter of women suffrage. Throughout her childhood she was told many stories about the Civil War by her relatives that lived through it. She didnt find out that the south really lost the war until she was ten because of the influence from her family. Margaret became a writer for the Atlanta Journal after returning from Smith College. She was named a feature writer for the Atlanta Journal in 1922and in 1926 resigned being the papers feature writer (Margaret Mitchell 59). Margaret met Berrien Kinard Upshaw and married him in 1922. Some say there is a resemblance in personalities between Rhett Butler and Berrien (Margaret (Munnerlyn) 1). He was an attractive and romantic man but at the same time violent and unstable. There marriage lasted barely three months, however they could not get a divorce until 1924. Marga...

Effective Personal and Organizational Communication essays

Effective Personal and Organizational Communication essays Communication via signaling and discussion is central to organizational effectiveness. Understanding the concepts of communication, however, is a two-fold process whereby understanding oneself and how personal communication is conveyed is necessary for developing strategies of communication within a group, as well as comprehending the communication and goals of others. Interpersonal and intrapersonal skills in communication are thus necessary for effective self and organizational management for successful conflict resolution and optimal performance Organizational management is facilitated by the use of behavioral styles of conflict resolution, each method distinct when considering the degree to which individual interests of the parties involved are preserved, and the extent of concern each party has of the other's interests. All modes of communication and resolution styles can be utilized when in the context of an appropriate situation, and include competition, accommodation, collaboration, compromise, and avoidance. Whether in personal situations or organizational employment, the ability to communicate effectively through both verbal and nonverbal messaging is necessary to resolve conflict, problem solve, and be productive. The ability to problem-solve and communicate, concentrating on skill development in networking, delegation, negotiation, persuasion, and identification of the goals and interests within a group, has an overall impact on performance outcomes. Often, to achieve optimal communication, whether in the personal or organizational context, change must be implemented. This requires a solid understanding of all factors related to intrapersonal and interpersonal communication, and the ability to implement Interpersonal communication within an organization, as in any real- life situation, is based on verbal and non-verbal signaling between two or mor...

Digital Multimeter User'd Guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Digital Multimeter User'd Guide - Essay Example Digital Multimeter User Guide Name: Institution: Table of contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ... †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 Fig 5: Series measurement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Fig 6: Range view switch of a DMM†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 Fig 7: Direct current †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Fig 8: Alternating current †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Fig 9: Lead test placement ...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Fig 10: Dry cell voltage measurement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 Fig 11: Wall outlet voltage measurement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Fig 12: Resistance connectivity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 Fig 13: Connection between a resistor and a multimeter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....19 List of tables Table 1: Common signs used in multimeters †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Table 2: Abbreviatio ns used in multimeters ..........................................................................9 Abstract Digital multimeters are devices that are commonly used in the study of electricity and construction (Bernard, 1988). These devices are designed and produced in large numbers for electrical engineers and other electrical experts. Usually, these devices have supplementary features that are mostly, not of use. Digital meters portray their output in a numeric form on an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or a LED (Light Emitting Diode) screen. Considering the current setting of the world, one has to be technologically conversant with these resourceful and dominant tools used in electronics

Middle East and International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Middle East and International Relations - Essay Example United Arab Emirates and Kuwait have shown their interests for the same, but Saudi Arabia sees this as disadvantageous to the regional cooperation in the region. Political  Concerns  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ With the mounting pressure of the international community to switch to democratic forms of government, there might by a ray of hope but the chances are still very few due to major groups and regimes still against democratization. Further, the weak, illiterate and unprotected citizens’ low demand for democracy and insufficient international pressure may not be sufficient for regime changes in the Middle East. Regional Clashes and Terrorism  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the Arab – Israeli conflict is supposed to carry itself in the times to come and become a serious threat to the security of the region.  Also, since a major part global terrorism is being funded by the Middle East regimes, Terrorism will continue in more fragmented manner than before. Influence of China and India on the region –  China and India have emerged as the major power countries both as investors and consumers of the Middle East and this will tend to play an effective role in shaping the political as well as the economic reform of the region.  Ã‚  Moreover, in the wake of any changes in the regime structure, the Middle East refers to China and Russia as salient models than the US or any other democracy. Restoration of the  Shia  Community  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the main impact of the US invasion on Iraq was the revival of the  Shia  community.  Shia  community is seen as a liberal party with an emotional  Ã‚  value and symbolism. Gaining power and acceptance once again into the society and political front in Iraq may lead to cross border harmonization of Iraq with other countries. A number of renowned  Shia  figures have spent time in Iraq and Iran and are now wiling to come back to Iraq, which may lead to significant political and social changes in the